Satire in Great Gatsby (Chapter 5) Essay Example

Satire in Great Gatsby (Chapter 5) Paper In the novel, The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald satirizes how newly wealthy Americans acted during the 1920’s through Jay Gatsby. The 1920’s was nicknamed the ‘Roaring Twenties’, and during this time period, many people were much more wealthy and were only interested in big, extravagant things. Jay Gatsby is an example of this. He was born poor, gained his wealth, and now he throws big parties at his mansion to impress hundreds of people. In the beginning of Chapter 5, Nick arrives at West Egg to find Gatsby’s mansion lighting up the night sky. Nick said to Gatsby, â€Å"Your place looks like the World’s Fair† (81). The significance of Nicks statement shows how Gatsby tries to be â€Å"old money†, when really he is â€Å"new money†. Gatsby tries to show off his wealth by turning on every single light in his mansion, but he lacks the class of those who really are â€Å"old money†. This satirizes how wealthy people were during the 1920s; they were obnoxious and did not have the same class as those who were wealthy before that time period. Another example of this is when Fitzgerald tells the reader what Gatsby is wearing for when Daisy comes over Nick’s house. We will write a custom essay sample on Satire in Great Gatsby (Chapter 5) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Satire in Great Gatsby (Chapter 5) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Satire in Great Gatsby (Chapter 5) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Fitzgerald wrote, â€Å"Gatsby, in a white flannel suit, silver shirt, and gold-colored tie, hurried in† (84). Daisy knows Gatsby as a poor man that she used to love, but couldn’t be with because her family didn’t approve. Gatsby still loves Daisy, and he dresses like this because he wants to impress her. Newly wealthy people during the 1920’s always wore expensive clothing. Gatsby dressing like this just satirizes those people, and shows he truly isn’t â€Å"old money†, no matter how hard he tries to be. Later in the chapter, Gatsby invited Daisy and Nick over to his house because he wants to show off his mansion to Daisy. Gatsby said, â€Å" I want you and Daisy to come over to my house† (89). Gatsby brought Daisy to his house, and even though she was impressed with what he has become, even Daisy realized that everything he owned is inelegant, and doesn’t have the same type of possessions that â€Å"old money† people have. This satirizes how people during the 1920’s tried to show off their flashy possessions, but they don’t truly have as much worth. Fitzgerald’s use of satire of newly wealthy people during the 1920’s are truly expressed through Gatsby’s actions and belongings.

An e

An e Executive Summary This paper analyzes e-business at Walmart.com E-business is the carrying out of business on the Internet, not merely through buying and selling, but, as well, teaming up with business partners and serving clients.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on An e-Business Analysis of Walmart.com specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wal-Mart was founded by Sam Walton in 1962, and the earliest Wal-Mart discount store became set up at Rogers Ark. The utilization of information technology was a vital element in the growth of Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart gets dedicated to assisting persons live better through leading on social matters that affect their consumers and partners. The company tackles society needs and support openings in workforce development, education, health, as well as environmental sustainability. Wal-Mart employs the WMS warehouse management software to follow its inventory via RFIDs radio frequency detectio n. This tracking method has vertically incorporated its supply chains and decreased inventory shelf phase. Besides, Wal Mart uses passive knowledge management systems like the EDI system. Wal-Mart employs two metrics including information sharing metrics and fulfillment systems metrics. Too much domestic Internet regulation makes significant qualms for businesses running on this international medium and has a distressing effect on business communication. Wal-Mart posses fire walls instituted to aid guard threats against the integrity and authenticity. Wal-Mart also employs a technology known as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). SSL encrypts susceptible data ahead of the data transmission to the Internet. So as Wal-Mart can obtain orders to its clients promptly, the company uses an IDS which checks network traffic for invasion efforts, and reports such occurrences. Company History and Background, including Stage in the Company Life Cycle Wal-Mart was founded by Sam Walton in 1962. The firs t Wal-Mart discount store was set up at Rogers Ark. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. integrated into the business in 1969.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1970, Wal-Mart became public, and in 1972, the business became programmed on the New York Stock Exchange. In 1977, Wal-Mart executed its earliest noteworthy achievement when it purchased 16 Mohr-Value stores in Illinois and Missouri. Wal-Mart expanded swiftly in the 1980s because of the fast development and diversification of the business (Hayden, Lee, McMahon, Pereir, 2002). Wal-Mart focused on small-towns before attempting to enter popular cities. The corporate management strategy of Wal-Mart entails vending superior quality and brand name commodities at the least value (Vance Roy, 1994). So as to maintain low prices, Wal-Mart reduces overheads by the use of superior warehousing and electronic technology. The co mpany as well agrees on deals for products from producers, directly getting rid of the middleman (Vance Roy, 1994). Wal-Mart is the leading retail store in America which is bigger than any other retail corporation all around the globe. Nowadays, Wal-Mart runs above 4,150 retail facilities all over the world (Hayden, Lee, McMahon, Pereir, 2002). Wal-Mart holds the first position categorized by its entire sales. Wal-Mart offers broad products including health beauty aids, family apparel, electronics, household needs, crafts, toys, fabrics, shoes and jewelry. Wal-Mart is at the stage of rapid growth in the companys life cycle (Higgins, 2007). Wal-Mart increased its revenues to $421.8 billion for its financial year ending January 2011; more than 3 percent compared to earlier year sales of $408 billion (Cope, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on An e-Business Analysis of Walmart.com specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More While the rate of growth lessened for Wal-Mart throughout 2010 and 2011, it still increased by over $13 billion in a stressed economy (Cope, 2012). The Need(s) the Company Addresses and the Customers it pursues Wal-Mart gets dedicated to assisting persons live better through leading on social matters that affect their consumers and partners. The company tackles society needs and support openings in workforce development, education, health, as well as, environmental sustainability. Wal-Mart, besides, supports persons with disabilities, catastrophe relief efforts and veterans/military families. Wal-Mart supplies its customers and associates over 200 million clients in around 10,130 retail units, which fall under 69 diverse banners in 27 states, every week (Ayers Odegaard, 2007). The Role of the Internet in Strategy/ Knowledge Management Strategies the Company Uses The roles of the new digital world strike every industry. Each action, which customers make, can be examined to make enhanced commodities and intelligent demographic promotion. The benefits of enhanced technologies touch even those who do not participate via the internet. Wal-Mart employs the WMS warehouse management software to follow its inventory via RFIDs radio frequency detection (Piasecki, 2006, July). This tracking method has vertically incorporated its supply chains and decreased inventory shelf phase. Such savings get conceded on to all customers, irrespective of whether they utilize the internet. Wal-Mart uses passive knowledge management systems like the EDI system. Such knowledge management systems can be differentiated by their focus on the â€Å"present† and apt to become used with channel affiliates like suppliers, in order to plan component deliveries narrowly, cut inventories, lessen cycle phase and reduce the costs of production depending on the existing behavior of sellers and buyers. EC Metrics that Wal-Mart Employs Wal-Mart employs two metrics, including information sh aring metrics and fulfillment systems metrics.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Information sharing metrics determine the capability of the website to gather and analyze data on clients or products, flawlessly, in offline and online channels (Troy, 2008). For instance, Wal-Mart lets its clients access their accounts both offline and online. Fulfillment systems metrics mention a company’s capacity to deliver on a client’s order, regardless of whether the order became sited offline or online. For instance, Wal-Mart allows its customers to confirm their order condition both online and offline, irrespective of the means that they have used for making the order. The Online User Types for Wal-Mart and the E-Commerce Considerations The online users of Wal-Mart include clients and other commercial computer users. Wal-Mart utilizes an Ethernet card, which is the most popular network interface card. This card links to a switch or center, which enables individuals to utilize cables with diverse wiring. At a relatively small charge, Wal-Mart stores can utiliz e links between adjoining stores and amid workers. Some e-commerce considerations include first impression, visibility of merchandise, rotation of the inventory and recording of names of emails. First, the home page for the site must be striking and clean, as well as, be first enough, so as not make the client wait for a long duration. Second, the picture of the product should be clearly visible on the internet. Third, different products should be featured and promoted daily, weekly, or monthly, depending on the volume of sales. Lastly, names of buyers or other clients who log in into the websites should be recorded. To conduct a credit card order using the Internet, the client must complete a small form including the name and address. For Wal-Mart and other business, this acts as a perfect chance to maintain contact with their customers. The Impact of Internet Regulation Too much domestic Internet regulation makes significant qualms for businesses running on this international medi um and has a distressing effect on business communication. Censorship, for instance, has several limitations. Wal-Mart values products that are friendly to the family (Quinn, 2000). Hence, if a TV-show, series or film has â€Å"mature content, the corporation will be reluctant to stock and sale it Hayden, Lee, McMahon, Pereir, 2002). This is a source of criticism, to the company, from a range of groups. EC Security that Wal-Mart Uses The main values of network security include authenticity, integrity, availability and confidentiality. Authenticity implies that data originates from the claimed source. Integrity means that the information has not been distorted. Wal-Mart posses fire walls instituted to aid to guard threats against the integrity and authenticity. Confidentiality implies that data can be acquired merely by those who get an access. Wal-Mart employs a technology known as Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). SSL encrypts susceptible data ahead of the data transmission to the Inte rnet. Availability implies that a resource or service is accessible when required. So as Wal-Mart can obtain orders to its clients promptly, they use an IDS which checks network traffic for invasion efforts, and reports such occurrences. Prevention and intrusion exposure systems operate through having information regarding various network attacks and tracking an attack that is upcoming. Competitive Advantage that Technology can Provide Wal-mart The utilization of information technology was a vital element in the growth of Wal-Mart. Ten years ago, Wal-Mart pursued K-Mart, which could allow low wholesale prices because of its volume. An ingredient of Wal-Marts tactic for coming up was a point-of-sale system, a programmed system that makes out every item vended, locates its price in a programmed database, makes and correct sales receipt for the buyer, and keeps this item-by-item sales data for utilization in scrutinizing sales and reorganizing inventory. Efficient use of this data enab les Wal-Mart to shun overstocking through realizing what product is selling slowly apart from handling data competently. Wal-Mart employs telecommunications to connect directly from its supplies to its main computer system and, then, to the computers of its suppliers. This enables superior coordination and automatic reordering. Coordinating directly with suppliers and being aware of what is selling well precisely enable Wal-Mart to use less money in inventory as compared to most of their rivals. Barriers to Global E-commerce First, government regulations and legal restrictions interfere with global e-commerce. Such regulation involves the content that a company can post to the internet, as well as copy right issues. Such laws are usually local, although e-commerce is worldwide. Second, language barriers obstruct global e-commerce. Most of the material on the internet is written in English; however, not everyone who knows this language. Business client on the internet are apt to proc ure commodities when the Web site uses their language. Cultural barriers obstructs global e-commerce as well. Cultural practices and customs can hinder the use of the Internet. In most Confucius nations, business becomes carried out on a private basis. It is difficult to become identifiable with local markets on top of local cultures through the internet. The fourth barrier is the ownership of personal computers. In several rising markets, possession of personal computers is low. Hence, slow Internet access is a key predicament in several states. Lastly, high costs of Internet access in several nations may discourage users. Internet access rates differ across states. References Ayers, J. B., Odegaard, M. A. (2007). Retail supply chain management. London, UK: Averbach Publications. Cope, K. (2012, February 23). Growth and the business life cycle. Retrieved from http://blog.eonetwork.org/2012/02/growth-and-the-business-life-cycle-2/ Hayden, P., Lee, S., McMahon, K., Pereir, M. (2002 , September). Wal-Mart: Staying on Top of the Fortune 500. Web. Higgins, R.C. (2007). Analysis for financial management. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Piasecki, D. (2006, June 16). Warehouse management systems. Retrieved from https://www.inventoryops.com/warehouse_management_systems.htm Quinn, B. (2000). How Wal-Mart is destroying America and the world. Berkeley CA: Ten Speed Press. Troy, M. (2008). The Worlds largest retailer. London: Sage. Vance, S.S. Roy, V. S. (1994). Wal-Mart. a history of Sam Waltons retail phenomenon. New York. Twayne Publishing.

Barriers to Effective Communication Essay Example for Free (#3)

Barriers to Effective Communication Essay Most important amongst the ever-recurring and constant troubles in the field of police administration is that concerned with creating and sustaining a successful method of communication. Communication is the most important medium for concerning agreement between all the personnel of a department as to the police goals. It is the foundation for a regular and ongoing understanding of problems and accomplishments practiced on a continuing basis to reach their final objectives. The process of successful communications in a department starts with the leadership establishing clear guidelines how its personnel should interact with each other, whether it is by memo, emails, forms, daily briefings or training. Leadership in any organization must identify and mandate the objectives of the organization. Pfiffner (1951) stated â€Å"In all management situations, communication consists of organizational relationships and mechanics on the one hand, and the human factor on the other, in actuality both existing together. † Communication is the method of transmitting cues, mostly written and oral, in order to adjust human behavior. The communication process works in three steps, initiate, transmit, and impact. In a police department, initiate and transmit could be where the desk sergeant, issues the daily tasking that he receives from his leadership to his patrol officers beginning a shift. Impact takes place when the officers going out on patrol implement the tasking given and could be discussing the tasking amongst each other as well to gain feedback. Hearing is a passive occurrence that requires no effort. Listening, on the other hand, is a conscious choice that demands your attention and concentration† (Livestrong, 2001). The differences between hearing and listening is that when someone is speaking and you are hearing when you just hear the words coming out, not really paying attention to all of what is said. When listening, you are collecting thought on what is being said, but if you think you already know what the person is talking about, a person could just disregard the words that were just passed. There are generally four basic levels of hearing and listening, according to Toast Masters. org. You can easily fall into one or these more categories in different conversations. A non-listener is totally preoccupied with his personal thoughts and though he hears words, he doesn’t listen to what is being said. Passive listeners hear the words but don’t fully absorb or understand them. Listeners pay attention to the speaker, but grasp only some of the intended message. Active listeners are completely focused on the speaker and understand the meaning of the words without distortion† (Livestrong, 2011). Communications are vital in law enforcement. Police personnel have to comprehend the importance of tone of voice, pitch, and variation, the variances of hearing and listening. Facial expressions, body movements and posture are also significant for effective communications. Cultural and ethnic dynamics are essential factors of a police officer’s communication skills. The formal and informal channels of communication in criminal justice organizations are two distinct processes. Formal relations, occupation explanations, duties and processes are found in formal communication channels. These channels match the formal chains of command, and accountability recognized in organizational charts, standard operating procedures, and policy manuals. For many police departments and organizations, formal communication channels are the primary standard and rarely differentiate. Informal channels are considered a â€Å"grapevine or rumor mill† type construct. Police officers discussing an incident in the locker room can be considered informal, and if the district attorney and a defense lawyer are chatting about a case at lunch or a washroom are prime examples for informal channels of communications. In an informal channel of communication, the original words that were spoken could be altered, invalid, and misconstrued so much in a department, that the information can provide inefficiency in any organization. â€Å"Barriers to communication often arise when one party is concerned about personal or professional status. The four basic categories, or types, of obstacles to effective communication are as follows: (1) emotional barriers, (2) physical barriers, (3) semantic barriers, and (4) ineffective listening. Each of these barriers can cause either the sender or the receiver to fail to communicate effectively† (Wallace and Roberson, 2009). Emotional barriers can exist in the receiver or the sender. Individuals base their translating of information on respective occurrences and beliefs. If a person believes they will be not taken seriously or made fun of when making a idea, then they will not participate in discussions or send their message. When a police officer has a case of low esteem, it could affect their duties on the street, believing that they might not be able to make a difference, stop certain criminals, and that barrier can cost the lives of innocent people or even peers. Physical barriers are the properties of an atmosphere that can cause communications to be challenging. Examples of physical barriers include equipment that does not work properly, having one officer on patrol instead of a team of two officers patrolling together in a bad neighborhood. Semantic barriers can cause differences between individuals, when one person might say one thing, and another forms an entirely different conclusion to that was said. This form of barrier can exist in a department where communication is very poor from the leadership down to the most junior personnel. Ineffective listening will occur if law enforcement personnel fail to pay attention to what others are communicating. The subject of discussion might bore or be irrelevant to certain persons, or just be to complicate to comprehend, and that transmission will be useless. Effective communication is fundamental in any chain of command. Leadership must be able to communicate its orders and direction to subordinates in a clear, concise manner, and with a positive message, so subordinate’s can perform to the best of their ability and listen to the message that is spoken, instead of just hearing what they want to hear. For an organization to communicate effectively, a person must be able to overcome the barriers that exist, and change one’s thoughts or feelings with another coworker. Taking personal responsibility ensures their workplace operates smoothly, and can rid the barriers that may plaque the organization. Barriers to Effective Communication. (2017, Feb 03).

Sourcebased Case Study NaziSoviet Pact Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sourcebased Case Study NaziSoviet Pact - Essay Example The Source shows the successful mission of Stalin because it has been able to "spear" down Hitler finally to a good political maneuver. The wreath on Stalin's right hand suggest the death of the fascist forces with the subsequent death of Hitler and under the false pretence of the restorative pact (for Soviet Union) that shall keep communism thriving as the two instruments in Stalin's hand suggest. The source's accuracy is largely sarcastic and also quite beneficial in pointing out the reason behind the shocking pact between the two devils-the communist and the Fascist forces that threatened the West and the Capitalist countries. The source helps one to understand the apparently defunct and devious peace treaty that was signed which hid a deeper truth about a secret protocol that promised mutual shared power over countries like, Finland Estonia Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Romania and thus promised each other "territorial and political rearrangements". Source B begins with the line "Why did Britain and France help Hitler to achieve his aims" This line particularly helps one to answer the deep distrust within Soviet Union politicians and especially Stalin about the stance of the powerful Western countries like Britain and France. United-front here refers to anl alliances between the West and the Communist Soviet Union. While each member of this front stays independent, they work together while the Communists inside a united front would continue to promote a revolutionary platform. The disappointment voiced in the source has a history of Third Period policies that had led to the Nazi suppression of both the Social Democratic Party and the Communist Party of Germany in 1933 after the policy did not allow joint action thus dividing and weakening the German left, thereby allowing the Nazis to win power. The same intention has been voiced here. The Source accuses Britain and France of committing the same mistake of allowing Hitler to ta ke advantage of the disagreements between the powerful nations. But the source does not state the reasons for Britain's fear for such a united front against Hitler. Both Soviet Union and Germany was a threat to the European countries. At that time the Communist International was committed to destroying capitalist governments throughout the world. British Trade Unionists were talking about setting up Workers' Councils and overthrowing Parliament. Soviet Union money helped the strikers in the General strike and coal miners during the coal strikes. Thus Soviet Union was paradoxically a greater threat than Hitler, just as Britain thought that Hitler was a bigger threat to Soviet Union than to the other nations. Infact Soviet Union was still shadowed by the totalitarian rule of Lenin and Hitler was the best weapon who could destroy Soviet Union with similar destructive powers. Hence, the West wanted the two countries to destroy each other. Again, Hitler's Germany as a welcome barrier to the spread of

Ibrahim Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Ibrahim - Essay Example In Islam, Abraham is considered the father of Prophet Ishmael and Isaac; in addition, he was also the grandfather of Prophet Jacob and an ancestor of Prophet Mohammed. He is considered as the father of monotheism (worship of one God); the Quran describes him as a person who believed in one true God and he was obedient to his commandments. Abraham was given the title ‘Khalilullah’ which means the friend of Allah; the Quran is quoted as saying ‘who can better be in faith than the one who submit his entire person to Allah, does good and follows the manner of Ibrahim the correct in faith? For Allah did take Ibrahim for a friend. As can be seen from the title that Abraham was given as a friend of Allah, Muslims are called upon to try and imitate Abraham in their faith which would bring them closer to Allah; all their actions and activities should be geared to conformity to those of Abraham. Another great feature that Abraham has contributed to Islam is the construction of Kaaba. Abraham, together with his son Ishmael constructed the Kaaba, which can be found in the modern day Saudi Arabia. In regard to the Kaaba, Muslims are required to make pilgrimage at least once in their lifetime if they can afford the journey; this is to show the return to perfection of the Abrahamic faith (Qu?ait?i?, 34). The character and personality of Abraham has been focussed on in the Quran than any other person, with his kindness and compassion being the areas that have been focussed on the most. The Quran tells us of Abraham as being brought up by a wicked father who was idolatrous and ignorant as his son tried to advice him to leave his wicked ways and turn back to God but he refused. At one point, Azar, who was the father of Abraham, threatened to stone him to death if he did not stop preaching to the people; Abraham ignored this threat. Despite the rocky relationship between him and his father, Ibrahim prayed to Allah to pardon his elders and his family for all the ir wrong doings. Muslims use this kind nature of Ibrahim as a model of how individuals should be towards others and in particular their elders. When God revealed to Abraham his intention to destroy Sodom and Gomorrah, he prayed for them that God might have mercy on them; this shows the compassionate nature of Abraham although God destroyed the city in the end. To Muslims, Abraham symbolises the highest moral values that a human being should possess. This is evident when the angels came to tell him of the birth of Isaac; he was quick to welcome and entertain them with a calf although they were strangers. To demonstrate the faith that Abraham had in God, Abraham saw a vision that he was required to sacrifice his own son and when told his son of this vision and he submitted himself to the will of Allah. When Abraham had laid Isaac on the altar ready to sacrifice him, God called him and told him to stop as he had already demonstrated his faith in him; this kind of faith is emphasized in Islam where Muslims are required to submit themselves to the will of God. The importance of Abraham in Islam is also seen in the direction that the Muslims are required to face in their prayers. When praying Muslims are require to face Mecca which is the holy city associated with Abraham as it contains the kabba which Abraham built with his son Ishmael. In addition Muslims are required to pray at least five times a day, one of which they must ask God to send his blessing to Prophet Abraham. The celebration of Eid-ul-Adha,

Cmi Case Study Essay Example for Free

Cmi Case Study Essay First of all, the company should apply a patent for this new cushion pad. Since it is not a very advanced technology, if it goes public without having a patent, competitors must copy this technology. Therefore, the company should get the patent as soon as possible to ensure that it will be the only supplier of this technology and hence make the maximum profit. After that, to price this product, the company should apply the concept of perceived value to customers and make sure customers perceive the value. A set of statistics taken from the Colerick Test: Basic Calculation The price of an 11.5 inch asbestos pad is $3. During the Colerick Test, Colerick cost is $50*20=$1000, since 6 sets of new pad are used. $1000/6 = $166.67 can be assumed for the cost of each set of new pad. The job required 300 55-foot piles driven 50 feet into the ground. Albestos pads took 20 minutes to do so and 20*20 = 400 extra minutes for change. Meanwhile, the new pads only took 15 minutes and 4 minutes for change. Therefore, (420-19)/60 = 6.68 hours were saved. Since the cost per hour is $100, Colerick could at least save $668/6 = $111.33 per set of new cushion. Therefore, according to the statistics from the Colerick case, the new cushion should price at least for $166.67+$111.33 = $278. The above calculation has omitted the value of time and efficiency. If those factors are also taken into account, the price can even be higher. Moreover, the company should take the option to purchase the $50,000 permanent tooling. It is because much cost can be reduced. Take the 11.5 inch pad as example, $78.94 can be reduced from the cost per unit. It is estimated that the company can get back $50000 within a short period of time. Conclusion CMI’s pads definitely will be the market leader in the industry as it is innovative with high efficiency. Getting patent for this pad will ensure the growth profitability of CMI. In this case, perceived value pricing is used as the pad has more to offer than conventional asbestos.

Significance of Ginkgo Biloba Essay -- Botany

Significance of Ginkgo Biloba The ginkgo tree appeared on earth approximately 230 million years ago, which was before dinosaurs evolved. They were referred to as 'living fossils' by Charles Darwin. These trees are so hardy that one of them lived through the atomic blast that destroyed Hiroshima (Anonymous No. 2, 1997). This tree is one of the earth's two oldest trees, The members of the Ginkgoacae family grew in parts of what are now Australia, the British Isles, Greenland, China, Russia, northern Europe, Japan, South America, Africa, and in the United States during the Mesozoic Era. It later retreated to a small area in eastern China with the changes in the world climate. It is the only surviving tree of the ginkgo family (Corrigan, 1997). The ginkgo was reintroduced to the United States in 1784. Today, these trees are all over the world again. They can be found in almost every city in the United States. Its species name "biloba" refers to the two-distinct lobes, which is characteristic of the leaves. These trees have survived over millions of years due to their resistance of disease, pests, fires, and air pollution. They can grow in almost any condition, which includes sun, shade, heat, cold, smog, pollution, wind, and humidity (Foster, 1996). The ginkgo tree can grow 75 to 100 feet tall with a trunk up to 8 feet in diameter, They have a distinctive fan- shaped leaf, which are bright green in the spring. Their leaves turn to a dull green in the summer and become a translucent gold in the fall (Corrigan, 1997). The ginkgo tree was used for many purposes, even in the ancient times. The ginkgo leaf was first mentioned in Lan Mao's Dian Nan Ben Cao, published in 1436. Lan Mao notes the external use to treat skin and head ... ...iful 'living fossil'. St. Louis Post Dispatch, p. L14:1. Foster, Steven. 1996. Ginkgo biloba: a living fossil for today's health needs. Better Nutrition 58(4): 54-56. Mowrey, Daniel. 1997. Valerian root, passion flower, and ginkgo are top 'neurotonic' herbs. 59(l): 34. Tyler, Varro E. 1998. Boost your brain and your libido: ginkgo: this ancient herb may improve memory and (surprise) wake up your sex life. Prevention 50(6): 91-93. Additonal References Holt, Ben F. and Gar W. Rothwell. 1997. Is Ginkgo biloba really an oviparous plant? American Journal of Botany 84(6): 870-873. Huffman, Grace Brooke. 1998. Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba in treating dementia, American Family Physician 57(10): 2504-2506. Oken, Barry S. 1999, The efficacy of Ginkgo biloba on cognitive function in Alzheimer disease. Journal of American Medical Association 281(5): 402.

Incarceration of African American Males Essay

Introduction The trend of African American males between the ages of 25 and 29 has seen a dramatic increase of incarceration. Attention has been focusing on areas of housing, education, and healthcare but the most prominent problem for African American males is the increase in the incarceration rate. African American males between the ages of 25 and 29 incarceration rate has been thought, by many, to be caused by economic factors such as under employment or unemployment, poor housing, lack of education, and lack of healthcare. Yet, others believe it is due to the imbalance of minorities within the criminal justice system, such as judges, lawyers, and lawmakers. This paper will explore two different outlooks; society has come up with so far, as to why African American Males between the ages of 25 and 29 are increasingly incarcerated. Finally, the information will give awareness to the problems that is faced by African American Males between the ages of 25 and 29. Prevalence – Problem 1 More than 40% of all American prisoners, men and women, are African American men, yet they make up just 13% of the U. S. male population (Roberts, 2004). This statistic does not include those African American men who are in local jails nor does it include those African American men under custodial supervision (Table 2). They enter the state and federal prison system, at the prime of their economic and reproductive lives and yet they exit prison behind both economically and socially. The high rate of incarceration among African Americans has been noted by the interconnection of poor economy, lack of affordable housing, mental illness, substance abuse, domestic violence, absence of a strong black male role model, lack of access to education, or some type of combination of these factors. Statistics don’t even give African American males a good chance to stay out of jail. They have a one in four chance of being incarcerated, while Hispanic American males have a one in six chance, and white males only have a one in twenty three chance of incarceration. The color of African Americans sets them apart and makes them targetable. Prevalence – Problem 2 There is evidence, in our American Justice System, of structural inequality as seen in the percentages of minorities to the percentage of majorities employed in high ranking positions, within the system. The percentage of United States judges by race are 79% Caucasian, 12% African American, and 2% Hispanics American (Federal Judicial Center, 2012), as for the thousands of lawyers in the United States it is approximate of 3% are African American (National Law Group, 2010-2011), and about 1 in 4 police officers are members of a racial or ethnic minority in 2007 (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2013). An investigation into racial profiling showed that African American and Hispanic American offenders, who often are young unemployed males, are more likely than their white counterparts (Spohn, C. , 2000). Their prison sentences are also typically longer or they receive differential benefits from guideline departures than do similarly situated white offenders (Spohn, C. , 2000). We must acknowledge the problems of racial disparity within the criminal justice system, communicate racial disparity within the criminal justice system with those we who are not informed of the problem, and stay committed to changing racial disparity within our justice system for change to begin. Causes In researching the high rate of incarceration in America it is more likely than not that the increase in African American Males being incarcerated is due to the War on Drugs (Table 1). It is public knowledge that drug crime ranks high among the effects of poverty. These poor neighborhoods not only endure crime they have poor schools, poor food, cramped living areas, and shortage of jobs if any jobs at all. Drugs and drug crime has become regularity in low income communities, arrests of Hispanics made up 55% of cocaine powder offences and 52% of marijuana offenses and 49% involving opiates: African Americans were suspected in 75% of crack cocaine cases; White males were suspected in 41% all methamphetamine cases (Motivans, M. , 2011). Decades of failed public and private remedies for chronic disparities and disadvantages in communities of color invite us to reexamine systems and institutions that provide and restrict opportunity in new ways (Lawrence, K. , 2011). The causes seem to be intertwined being poor equals, equals a poor education, equals lack of employment, and ultimately equals an increased rate of crime. Consequences The causes seem to be intertwined being poor, equals lack of education, which equals lack of employment, which equals increased rate of crime which equals impossibility to join criminal justice system. Also, many of these men are incarcerated while all the other non-incarcerated American young men are finishing school, starting careers, earning seniority at work, marrying and having children thus gaining capital. Even when released from prison, these men return back to their communities with a felony record that will pose extreme problems for them. The incarceration leads the released convict into a lower social class even if they were considered lower class Americans prior to their incarceration; they now are lower in social class standing in most instances. This leads to a poor African American community, perhaps as many as 50% of the male population will have been in prison. These incarcerated African American Males, who are in their prime of life, also are leaving half the families in this community facing such things as poverty, lack of affordable housing, mental illness, substance abuse, violence, absence of a strong black male role model, lack of access to education, or some type of combination of these factors. The community ultimately will become poverty stricken, struggling to survive, and ultimately vulnerable to the situation repeating. Solutions – How can this be changed? There are four key aspects to addressing racial disparity, in my opinion: 1. Acknowledge 2. Communication 3. Setback = Strength 4. Commitment Not only is the problem of racial disparity under recognized by society it is not being communicated effectively to make change. Majority groups needs to acknowledge racial disparity and minority groups need to communicate their knowledge regarding racial disparity. As each group majority and minority begins to become share their information with each other and work together for a common solution acknowledging there will be setbacks but with continued commitment systemic change will happen. Conclusion By refusing to tolerate disparate treatment of people of color or anyone within the criminal justice system we empower ourselves and our country. It is time that everyone including our legislators, law enforcement, prosecutors, defense attorneys, and judges work collectively and courageously to eradicate this negative stigma. Despite, America being known for its equal rights we are living proof that in this era inequality is a factor that cannot be taken lightly. The statistics that are surrounding African American males is astounding. We need to empower African American males with the knowledge that they have a one in four chance of becoming incarcerated. It is also important to know that Hispanic males have a one in six chance, and white males have a one in twenty three chance of incarceration. All of these statistics need to be addressed to empower each and every one us. Throughout history we have not seen a change in majority groups (White, Male) and minority groups (Women, anyone that is not White) although we have seen numbers of minorities increasing at a fast pace. Today, however, the election of Barack Obama, not once but twice, may set the new ideal of what an American actually is. As we embrace different cultures and their ethnic backgrounds society will prosper. As society increases their knowledge, in regards to each person’s differences, they will acquire greater strength and prosperity. The only issue, that can occur, will be in the short term empowering others to embrace diversity. When we look beyond short-term, focus will shift to diverse empowerment through embracing the knowledge of our differences thus making us stronger as a society. TABLE 1: BLACK PROPORTION OF DRUG ARRESTS, EXCLUDING MARIJUANA POSSESSION YEAR BLACK % 1999 40. 1 2000 39. 3 2001 39. 1 2002 35. 8 2003 33. 8 2004 33. 1 2005 33. 2 Data calculated from drug arrest figures by race provided by the Uniform Crime Reports division of the FBI TABLE 2: FBI CRIME REPORT Arrests By Race, 2006 [11,249 agencies; 2006 estimated population 216,685,152] Total White Black American Indian or Alaskan Native Asian or Pacific islander Total White Black American Indian or Alaskan Native Asian or Pacific Islander TOTAL 10,437,620. 7270214 2924724 130589 112093 100. 0 69. 7 28 1. 3 1. 1 Drug abuse violations 1376192 875101 483886 8198 9607 1000 63. 6 35. 1 0. 6 0. 7 DUI’S 1034651 914226 95260 13484 11681 100 88. 4 9. 2 1. 3 1. 1 Liquor laws 466323 398068 50035 12831 5389 100 85. 4 10. 7 2. 8 1. 2 Drunken-ness 408439 344155 54113 7884 2287 100 84. 3 13. 2 1. 9 0. 6 Dis-orderly conduct 5117264 325991 179733 7606 3934 100 63. 0 34. 7 1. 5 0. 8 (The FBI: Uniform Crime Report, 2010) References Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2013, http://bjs. ojp. usdoj. gov/index. cfm? ty=tp&tid=71 The FBI Uniform Crime Reports, 2010, Table 43, http://www. fbi. gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u. s/2010/crime-in-the-u. s. -2010/tables/table-43 Federal Judicial Center, 2012, Overview of the United States Court System, http://www. fjc. gov/public/pdf. nsf/lookup/FJC_Standard_PPT_English_June_2012. pdf/$file/FJC_Standard_PPT_English_June_2012. pdf Lawrence, K. , 2011, Race, Crime, and Punishment: Breaking the Connection in America, http://www. aspeninstitute. org/sites/default/files/content/docs/pubs/Race-Crime-Punishment. pdf Motivans, Mark, 2011, Washington, DC: US Dept. of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics, http://bjs. ojp. usdoj. gov/content/pub/pdf/fjs09. pdf National Law Group 2010-2011, http://blacklawyers. net/ Roberts, D. , 2004, Measuring the Social and Moral Cost of Mass Incarceration, in African American Communities, http://www. law. fsu. edu/faculty/2003-2004workshops/roberts. pdf Spohn,C. ,2000, Thirty Years of Sentencing Reform: The Quest for a Racially Neutral Sentencing Process, http://www. justicestudies. com/pubs/livelink3-1. pdf.

Audio and Video Enhancements

The information highway has become the greatest pastime in the world. The generation coming to age at this particular time in history has been raised with video games and other devices to keep the brain active on an ongoing basis. The result has us facing a generation of youth who are easily bored. In an effort to fulfill their desire and keep them coming back, websites are leaning towards more surfer interaction. The more interaction with the user the more likely they are to return. This has owners of websites frantically searching for people who can ad the pizzazz of video and audio in an interactive format to engage people on a new level.One particular website where you can see this in action is www. pogo. com. Here you can play games and interact with videos that change rapidly and offer distinct sounds that the player becomes familiar with in order to better play the game. One such game is Word Whomp. On the opening screen of this game you have seven scrambled letters being held by seven groundhogs. As you choose the letters to form words the little animals get dizzy as if they were hit on the head. Sounds accompany this interaction that makes the game more interesting.If the player is unable to make a word, or pauses a long time, the groundhogs holding the letters will go to sleep. If the player misspells several words in a row they become disgusted with him/her. Pogo is just one example of how interactive video and audio enhance the experience of visiting their website. There are many others that are educational as well. These enhancements are becoming commonplace on the Internet. The interesting thing to watch for is what websites will do when the youth of today get bored with audio and video interaction? References Word Whomp. (n. d. ). Retrieved on January 2, 2007, from www. pogo. com.

Arthur Murray(Ns) Pty Ltd V Fct (1965) 114 Clr 314 Essays

Arthur Murray(Ns) Pty Ltd V Fct (1965) 114 Clr 314 Essays Arthur Murray(Ns) Pty Ltd V Fct (1965) 114 Clr 314 Essay Arthur Murray(Ns) Pty Ltd V Fct (1965) 114 Clr 314 Essay Part A (i) the fact arises on Arthur Murray(NS) Pty Ltd V FCT (1965) 114 CLR 314 is that the taxpayer sold prepaid dancing lessons with prepaid fees attributable in part to lessons to be provided in future income years. The commissioner assessed the tax payer on the basis that prepaid fees constituted income derived by the taxpayer when received. The high court concluded that amount received in respect of service to be provided in future years are not earned until the future obligations for which they are paid are discharged. Arthur Murray’s case can be co-related with the given condition of RIP Pty Ltd as the company is providing funeral services which is provided only after the death of client. For this they are receiving money in advance in order to provide future service . that’s why the case is related to Arthur Murray case ii a) The professional people like Doctor, engineer and small business they can access their income in cash basis if their income turnover is up to $ 2 million a year. Section 6 of ITAA 97, Provisions for ordinary income and statutory income are given in s6-5 and s 6-10 in income tax assessment act 1997. Income is derived upon the arising of enforceable debt for taxpayer who carries business of supplying goods. Professional fees for services are derived upon the arising of recoverable amounts during course of carrying business however if the amounts are basically reward for the personal service then the fees are derived upon its reception. The prepayments for goods and services are assessable only when that services or goods are provided. Dividends, wages and salaries are derived when paid and received respectively. Likewise, interest is also derived upon it receipt but if the taxpayer is in the course of lending    business then accrual basis is appropriate. And, all the trading income is derived at the point of sales. (Gilders et. al. 2009). According to Arthur Murray case, income is derived when the service is provided . Relating to RIP Company with Arthur Murray principle, we can say that RIP Company will derive their income only when the service is provided to its client. b) Yes the Arthur Murray principle apply to the company‘s accounting treatment of amounts in funeral plan No 1 and 2. Funeral plan 1 is a fixed price contract and when the agreed amount is paid, the client is guaranteed deluxe funeral arrangement. Under funeral plan 2 company continuously receive installment until the death of the client . however the fund is refundable but only 85% upon the cancellation where as money received is not refundable in funeral plan 1 . On the both plan, the company ultimately receive providing funeral services in the future . if we co-relate their services with the situation of Arthur Murray, we can see that they first receive the money first but provide service later in the future to its client. That’s why Arthur Murray principle is applicable to RIP Pty Ltd. c) Yes the commissioner or any tax payer have a choice in the method of accounting for tax. There are some cases that can be introduced to answer this question briefly. Carden’s case , the judgment of Dixon J , with whom a majority of the court agreed ,stated it was necessary to use the tax accounting methods that would reveal a â€Å"substantially correct reflex of the taxpayer’s true income â€Å". The court concluded it was appropriate to recognize professional income on a cash basis. Similarly Henderson case concluded that partnership should account on an accrual basis for income years after 30 June 1964. Similarly in Fc of T v Firstenberg 76 AT (4141) case, the court stated that where the taxpayer is a professional Sole practitioner, it is appropriate his income to be consider as being cash basis . Imposing the use of accrual basis on a professional sole practitioner would represent unrealistic and un reasonably burden. We can say that if the company is a Pty Ltd or Partnership , the tax payer derives income on accrual basis and if the tax payer is a sole trader then the income should be derived on cash basis (iii) According to sec 6-5(1)(2) Assessable income include according to ordinary concept and if a person is an Australian resident then taxpayer income includes the ordinary income derived directly or indirectly from all sources whether in or out of Australia during the income year . In funeral Plan 1 as there is no policy of refunding, the amount $ 225,000 will be assessable income if the client dies abroad. Where as in Funeral plan 2, the amount $ 4125 will be assessable for tax purpose as there is no one to claim the refund (iv) According to sec 104-150 ITAA 1997 if a person make a capital gain and deposit is more than the expenditure occurred in connection with the prospective sale or other transaction . People make a capital loss if the deposit is less. According to taxation ruling 97/19 Para 7, we can consider that other CGT provision apply with the effect that a forfeited, deposit is assessable as a capital gain in certain circumstances. The amount $16200 paid by defaulting member is consider as capital gain and should be assessable income under sec 104 -150 of ITAA 1997and TR 97/19 . RIP is not incurring any expenses against the forfeited amount paid by default member. Part B I) in simple language , trading is a buying and selling securities or commodities on a short term basis , hoping to make quick profit The term trading stock is defined in section 70-10 of the 1997 Act to include anything produced, manufactured or acquired that is held for purposes of manufacture, sale or exchange in the ordinary course of a business. Trading stock of a mining business comprises those tangible assets that are held for sale in the ordinary course of that business. Caskets and other accessories are acquired by a company to provide their funeral services . these accessories are trading stock for that company without which they cannot provide their services . the amount of $25000 spend by a company for trading stock which is spend to gain accessible income can be claimed for general deductable under sec8 (1) ITAA 1997 . II) according to sec 44(1) ITAA 1936 , shareholder in a company whether the company is resident or nonresident states that the dividend other than that are paid to the shareholder by a company out of profit derived by it from any source is assessable income . Under sec 207 -5 ITAA 1997 , if a corporate tax entity makes a franked distribution to one of its member then as a general rule –amount equals to the franking credit on the distribution is included in the member’s assessable income and the member is entitled to a tax offset that is equal to the same amount of money . Here the cash dividend paid is $ 21000 which is fully franked which means amount is paid after deducting the tax. Total amount before tax can be calculated by multiplying by 30 and dividing by 70. Mathematically 21000*30/70 =30000. Therefore $ 30000 is the company’s assessable dividend. Sec 82 K2MD, ITAA 1936 (Expenses * no. f days of eligible service period) / total no. of days of eligible service period 57000*122/731 =9513 is deductable amount Sec 26-10 ITAA 1997 , you cannot deduct loss or outgoing for long service leave ,annual leave , sick leave or other leave except accrual leave transfer payment that is made in the income year According to thi s case the tax payer had not incurred a loss or outgoing under sc 51(1) in the income year in respect of its employees accrued long service leave and annual leave entitlement unless it is paid in that income year ( Nilsen Development laboratories Pty Ltd ORS V FC of T 81 ACT 4031; (1981)144 CLR 616 . III) Sec 8-1 1997 Act This section provides that â€Å"You can deduct from your assessable income any loss or outgoing to the extent that (a) It is incurred in gaining or producing assessable income or (b) It is necessarily incurred in carrying on a business for the purpose of gaining or producing your assessable income. however you cannot deduct a loss or outgoing to the extent that : (a) It is a loss or outgoing of a capital nature b) It is a loss or outgoing of a private or domestic nature of (c) It is incurred in gaining or producing your exempt income or (d) A provision of this act prevents you from deducting it† A deduction for the capital works under division 43 is based on the amount of construction expenditure, that is, capital expenditure incurred in respect of the construction of those capital works . There are three different types of capital works under sec 43-20 A building or an extension, alteration or improvement to a building Structural improvement or extensio n, alterations or improvement to structural improvement. Capital works being earthworks or extension, alteration or improvement to earthworks if they are constructed as a result of environmental protection activities, can be economically maintained in reasonably good order and condition. AS per above terms and condition, the payment of $250000 of architectural design is a capital work under division 43 so the construction expenditure is deductable under TR 97/25. The taxpayer‘s demolition expenditure is not a capital in nature and therefore is not deductable ie . ec 51(1) of the Act. (Mount Isa Mines Ltd V FC of T 92 ATC 4755;( 1992) 176 CLR 141) Similarly the cost of acquisition of land costing $ 1. 2 m and demolishing expenditure of previous structure amounting $50000 and landscaping costing $ 40000 are not deductable. Sec 40-70(2) ITAA 1997 Calculation of deduction amount of capital expenditure Period of your C E* days used *4%/ 365 sec 43-210 ITAA 1997 The amount $2. 5 m is deductable under the rule. As per the above formula, 2. 5m * 330*4%/ 365 = $90411 is deductable Capital work deduction applies for sealed roads, sealed driveways, sealed car park, bridge, pipelines, retaining walls, fences, concrete or rock dams and sports field. Section 43-20(3)(a) Thus the on-site car park with the amount of $125000 is deductable iv Details | Amount | total| | Assessable income| | | | Profit from last year | | 2450000| | Cash dividend | 21000| | Sec 44 –(1)| imputation| 9000| 30000| Div 207| Total assessable income| | 2480000| | Deduction | | | | Material purchased | 25000| | Sec 70-10| Long service leave | 22000| | Sec 26-10| Rental storage space| 9513| | Sec82 KZMD| Architectural design | 250000| | TR97/25 Para 78| Construction of new premises | 90411| | Sec 43-15| Onsite car parking | 125000| | Sec43-20(3)| Total deduction | | 521924| | Taxable income | | 1958076| | Tax payable 1958076 *30% = 587422 Less tax off set 9000 Total tax payable 578422. 8

Countertrade Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Countertrade - Assignment Example cting countertrade in that deals can be discussed and online and even technical support to buyers can be provided online without incurring travelling expenses. 1. Only option: Trade can be financed with counter-trade when other means are unavailable. Either supplier or buyer credit may be impossible to arrange. Performance or payment bank guarantees may be too costly. The project might call for longer term financing then government-supported export credit facilities allow. The political situation in host countries might preclude other government financial aid. The host country might not permit currency repatriation. 3. Non-trade benefits. Long-range management and technical benefits from joint venture partnerships can often be achieved through buyback counter-trade arrangements, specifically coproduction transactions. In most cases a host-country partner brings to the partnership local management techniques and protocol that might take a foreign company years to develop on its own. In some cases, the partner brings technical or application techniques unique to the host-country cultural environment. 1. Disposal of goods: Counter-trade contracts involving the exchange of goods that cannot be consumed internally require the sale or trade of these goods on the open market. Even with an in-house trading specialist and assistance from an international consultant, the process is time-consuming and costly. Using a third-party broker increases the cost of disposing of the goods. 2. Internal expertise: To achieve long-term success in counter-trade transactions, a company must establish internal expertise. This means setting up a department dedicated to arranging and managing counter-trade deals. This can be costly addition for a smaller company, and unless it engages in several counter-trade deals, these personnel add unabsorbed

Analysis of the Easy Jets mission statement's significance Essay

Analysis of the Easy Jets mission statement's significance - Essay Example Analysis of the Easy Jet’s mission statement's significance to current circumstances The mission statement of an organization can very crucial for a number of reasons. This can be a very effective tool for getting senior managers to talk about their differences and thrash out a common viewpoint. Mission statements are more usually an expression of a companys purpose and ambition. The mission statement of a company is a sort of company flag to rally round and a signpost for all stakeholders. Mission statement defines the values and behaviour standards for managers and stakeholders. A good mission statement is an influential document designed to give lucidity and evoke an emotional response. A mission statement must not be too far ahead of the current situation or it will be dismissed with If they think thats how we work around here, they are as crazy as I always thought they were.2 Hence, one of the salient objectives of the mission statement of an organization is to spell out the purpose of the organization. A mission statement also guides a signpost for the stakehol ders. â€Å"To provide our customers with safe, good value, point-to-point air services. To effect and to offer a consistent and reliable product and fares appealing to leisure and business markets on a range of European routes.† It is evident from the mission statement of EasyJet that the company’s target segments are the people who travel for pleasure and the business people who travel from one city or country to another city or country for business purposes.